It’s one of the more common prescription drugs, but until you need warfarin, you may have never heard of it. Sold under brand names including Coumadin® and Waran®, this blood thinner is prescribed millions of times a year in the United States to help treat or prevent blood clots. If you are undergoing major surgery, or experiencing conditions such as an irregular heartbeat or DVT (deep vein thrombosis), your doctor is likely to prescribe warfarin or another blood thinner.

But even though warfarin is common, it isn’t always easy to use. Finding the right dose for any one person is tricky, and the process often begins with trial and error. Too little of the drug, and a person can still experience a dangerous blood clot. Too much warfarin, and a person can suffer hazardous bouts of uncontrolled bleeding. Some of this individual response depends on personal genetics. Safe, effective warfarin use requires carefully calculated personalized dosing, and personal genetic information can be a helpful part of that equation.

At Navigenics, we recently launched a new Medications service, which provides personalized genetic information to help you understand which prescription drugs may work best for you. Warfarin is one of 12 medications analyzed in this feature of our service. The warfarin-related genetic results we provide can be used by your doctor to help calculate an individualized warfarin dose, using tools such as the calculator provided by www.WarfarinDosing.org.

This week, we enhanced our warfarin results further by providing an even more specific explanation of what they mean for personal warfarin dosing. 

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Recent news in the personal genomics industry has prompted interest in how we work with state and federal regulators. At Navigenics, this interest is always appreciated. Since starting our company, we’ve sought to work closely with regulators, and consider this approach as one of our founding principles.

Navigenics has an established history of working closely with state and federal regulators:

• Navigenics has helped lead the effort to set industry standards for personal genomic testing services in cooperation with the Personalized Medicine Coalition and other industry organizations.
• Navigenics has consistently been a leader in encouraging collaboration and dialogue with regulatory authorities – at both the state and federal levels – to ensure compliance and develop standards for the industry’s innovative technologies and services.
• The New York State Department of Health issued Navigenics a clinical laboratory permit in January 2010, making Navigenics the first personalized genomics service ever to be licensed as a clinical laboratory by the State of New York. To date, we are the only personal genomics company permitted to offer its services in New York.
• Navigenics was granted a license by the State of California’s Department of Public Health in 2008 to provide genetic laboratory testing services to customers within the state.
• When Navigenics launched its personal genome service more two years ago, we issued a 10-point proposal for a set of industry standards to ensure the integrity of this new field of science and health and safeguard consumers.
• We highlighted the need for these principles again last year when we helped the Personalized Medicine Coalition convene a meeting on standards for personal genomics services.
• Navigenics has met with the FDA half a dozen times to discuss its services and the potential standards that could apply to the industry, with its first meetings dating back to 2007.
• We operate consistent with HIPAA practices and build them into our infrastructure.

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Perhaps your doctor thinks you should join the millions of people who’ve taken Plavix, a prescription medicine that helps prevent blood clots. But will it be effective for you? Or will another medication you are considering cause serious side effects? Starting a new medication can be a bit of a guessing game, with problems discovered only after the fact.

But your genetic makeup has a lot to say about how you respond to certain medications.

Now, a new type of genetic result from Navigenics can help you take even stronger strides towards a healthier future, by helping you understand which medications work best for you.

Your genetic code holds important information on how you respond to particular medications, and our new results help reveal it. The new Medications feature of the Navigenics service analyzes your genetic responses to 12 prescription drugs. These include everything from common medications, such as drugs designed to lower cholesterol or prevent blood clots, to more specialized drugs used to treat cancer or epilepsy. (See our complete list of medications.)

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Plavix®, a prescription drug that helps prevent and treat blood clots, is one of the world’s top-selling medications. According to its manufacturer, doctors have prescribed it to more than 100 million people.Yet, genetics shows, popularity doesn’t always mean that a drug works for everyone.

And when it comes to Plavix®, that fact has some scientists working to see how genetic testing can provide better answers for people who take this medication.

Some people, because of their genetic makeup, don’t process Plavix® as effectively as others, leaving them vulnerable to dangerous blood clotting problems. In March, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration revised the drug label on Plavix® (also known by its generic name clopidogrel), emphasizing that people who carry certain genetic variants may not benefit fully from the drug. The FDA announcement also stressed that testing is available for a gene linked to a reduced response to Plavix®.

Since the vast majority of people who’ve taken Plavix® have never undergone genetic testing, researchers are now analyzing the ways that genetic insights can help.

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At Navigenics, our personal genetic results focus on health. Our genetic testing services only cover common, important health concerns that you can do something about.

And to help our members turn their personal genetic information into better health, we work closely with a wide range of healthcare organizations and professionals. Our team of board-certified genetic counselors is available to help our members make the most of their genetic results. And we partner with many other healthcare researchers and providers.

One of our collaborators includes the Toronto-based Medcan Clinic. Medcan offers the Navigenics Health Compass to its members, and pairs the results with support and expertise from a Medcan genetic counselor, who helps further personalize and interpret each patient’s genetic information. This week, Medcan’s Director of Genetics, Jill Davies, blogged about her experience with incorporating personal genomic results into patient care.

Here’s a highlight from her very interesting post, written for The DNA Exchange, a blog authored by genetic counselors:

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Today, Navigenics announced information about new financing and a new investor. You’ll find the official Navigenics press release below:

*****

Navigenics, a leading personal genomics company, announced today that the company has raised approximately $18 million of funding. The Procter and Gamble Company, with a worldwide portfolio of leading consumer brands, has joined existing Navigenics investors Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers and Mohr Davidow Ventures who also participated in this financing round.

“I welcome the partnership of Procter and Gamble. Their extraordinary track record of consumer understanding provides Navigenics with an unparalleled opportunity to understand and serve the needs of our customers,” said Vance Vanier, MD, Navigenics President and CEO. “When combined with their commitment to developing innovative consumer health and wellness products and an expanding focus on health services, P&G’s insight and brand will strengthen Navigenics’ position to embed personal genomics into the prevention dialogue of everyday health care.”

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Today, Navigenics made an important leadership announcement. Here is the text of the official press release:

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Navigenics, a leading personal genomics company, announced today that Vance Vanier, MD, has been appointed by the Board of Directors to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of the firm.

Dr. Vanier joined Navigenics as Chief Medical Officer in April of 2008 and has been instrumental in growing the company’s clinical offerings as well as institutional research and corporate partnerships. Prior to joining Navigenics, he was a partner at venture capital firm Mohr Davidow Ventures where he spent years in the molecular diagnostics industry bringing new genomic technologies into clinical practice. Vanier also serves as a clinical faculty member of Stanford University Medical Center.

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Navigenics., a leading personal genomics company, announced today that the New York State Department of Health has issued Navigenics a clinical laboratory permit and approved the offering of the company’s Navigenics® Health Compass service to New York State residents.

The permit makes Navigenics the first personalized genomics service to be licensed as a clinical laboratory by the State of New York.

The permit, issued on December 7, gives Navigenics approval for its CLIA-certified clinical laboratory to process saliva samples originating in the State of New York for the purposes of genetic testing. The permit acknowledges that the State’s Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program found the validation data for Navigenics’ test acceptable and clarifies the regulatory framework that Navigenics will operate under in New York moving forward. 

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Planning to hit the local coffeehouse, or meet a friend for tea? Here’s another reason to reach for your favorite cup.

A large new scientific analysis of coffee and tea drinkers has found that these favorites—even the decaf versions – can help reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes.

The recent research, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, found that every additional cup of coffee each day was associated with a seven percent reduction in the excess risk of diabetes.

The more tea or coffee a person consumed, the more diabetes risk declined. Drinking three to four cups a day meant about a 25 percent reduced diabetes risk when compared with those who drank between none and two cups day.

Even decaf made a difference.

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In recent weeks, sweeping legal changes have helped put control of your genetic information where it belongs – in your hands.

The federal Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, or GINA, is now the law of the land. The law, described by the New York Times as the “most important new anti-discrimination law in two decades,” prohibits genetic discrimination in health insurance or on the job.

When it comes to understanding your genetic makeup and using that knowledge to benefit your health, few laws matter more than this one.

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Today, Navigenics and 23andme released a joint letter addressing the Opinion piece by Pauline C. Ng, Sarah S. Murray, Samuel Levy and J. Craig Venter that appeared in the October 8, 2009 issue of Nature. Unfortunately, Nature could not publish the letter because of space restrictions, so 23andMe and Navigenics decided to publish the letter to our respective sites.

An excerpt of the joint letter is below. You can find the complete letter on our website.

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November generally makes us think of changing seasons and time with loved ones.  How fitting than that November is also National Alzheimer’s Month, a time for us to celebrate and pay tribute to those in our lives effected by Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease is a tragic neurological condition that affects many of our family members, friends, parents and grandparents. An estimated five million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease. For every individual with Alzheimer’s, an entire community works to support them in their daily lives.

Alzheimer’s disease is marked by loss of memory, speech, judgment, sense of direction and other brain functions. While currently no cure exists, three risk factors play an important role in your susceptibility.

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At Navigenics, our team is used to being recognized in the fields of genetics and medicine. But being described as “hot”? That turf is, well, a little less familiar to most of us in the genetics world. So imagine our attentiveness when San Francisco-based magazine “7x7” revealed one of its most anticipated features of the year today – the “2009 Hot 20 under 40.” Among the publication’s list of the “most impressive San Franciscans:” Navigenics Chief Operating Officer Sean George, who was photographed with his 2-year-old daughter, Claire.

George, who has a Ph.D. in molecular genetics, was profiled alongside the likes of San Francisco Giants pitcher Tim Lincecum and Ning co-founder Gina Bianchini, to name a few.

“What’s ‘hot’?” the 7x7 editors mused in describing their selections. “A pitcher with a killer arm, tech wizards bringing Wi-Fi to the world or a gender-bending performance artist? One thing’s for sure: Everyone below is under 40 and has a sense of self that belies their years. We’re just lucky enough to benefit from it.”

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More than 40 percent of all breast cancer cases could be prevented through basic lifestyle changes, a sweeping new report shows.

Although many women have long feared they are destined to develop breast cancer – one of the leading causes of death among American women – getting exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption and breastfeeding their children can protect many women from this common disease, the analysis determined.

The potential benefit is staggering. In all, more than 70,000 U.S. breast cancer cases could be avoided every year, determined researchers at the American Institute for Cancer Research and the World Cancer Research Fund, which published the report.

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Celiac disease, a serious digestive condition, is common in more ways than one – in how often it occurs, and how often it goes undiagnosed. The prevalence of the disease has increased significantly in the United States during the last 50 years, researchers at the Mayo Clinic recently determined.

“Some studies have suggested that for every person who has been diagnosed with celiac disease, there are likely 30 more who have it but are not diagnosed,” said Mayo gastroenterologist Dr. Joseph Murray in a written release. “And given the nearly quadrupled mortality risk for silent celiac disease we have shown in our study, getting more patients and health professionals to consider the possibility of celiac disease is important.”

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At Navigenics, we join our colleagues in the genetics, health, and life science worlds in honoring the life of Senator Ted Kennedy.

The senator was not only a tireless advocate for health issues, but a leader who embraced health innovation. Years ago, he recognized the growing importance of genetic technologies in our lives, and worked to help pass one of the most important recent laws protecting our genetic information, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimation Act, or GINA.

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Atkins. Ornish. Weight Watchers. South Beach. The Zone.

As a physician, I’m often asked which diet works best.

Carbs or protein? Liquid only? A “cleanse” diet?  Mediterranean? Grapefruit only?

Many people want to know whether any of them even work at all.

Scientific research has been focusing more and more on weight loss, as a record number of Americans – more than one-third of adults – can now be considered clinically obese. Evidence shows that you can lose weight on some of the popular diet programs.

Which ones?

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Navigenics has a strong showing on Health Spottr’s Future Health 100 list. Health Spottr is a new media publishing company devoted to covering the latest in health care innovation and the top players in health care.  Among its new list of 100 influential health care providers, investors, innovators and executives are Navigenics leaders Dr. Jonathan “Jack” Lord and Dr. David Agus.

Dr. Jack Lord, CEO of Navigenics, is featured at number 19 for his commitment to quality improvement in health care. Dr. Lord discusses the importance of Navigenics’ genetic testing services in the future of health care. “These are all progressions on the same basic track of getting people to a place of sovereignty over their healthcare—putting them on the same level as their doctors in the decision-making. Navigenics represents the next step. We provide people with a science-based view of their future risks, then give them resources to understand how they might impact those risks.”

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Many physicians recommend the Navigenics genetic testing services to their patients as a way to help build a more personalized plan for disease prevention and better health. But doctors themselves also tell us how genetic insights improve their own lives. William, director of oncology at a leading diagnostic center, recently wrote to us about his own genetic discovery.

“My analysis was mostly reassuring, but showed two areas of increased risk,” he said. “One was for prostate cancer, which was not a surprise since my father died of prostate cancer. The second was celiac disease, which was a surprise. Although in retrospect, I had some subtle signs and symptoms which could be attributed to celiac disease: Poor digestion of fatty foods, low serum cholesterol, a mysterious skin rash, and recurrent aphthous ulcers,” or canker sores.

He followed up on his Navigenics results by getting two diagnostic tests for celiac disease—a blood test that looks for celiac-related factors and an upper endoscopy, which allowed his doctor to see inside his digestive tract and look for the tissue damage caused by celiac disease.

Both tests were positive, and showed that he already had a moderate to severe form of the disease.
From there, William knew that he could use his genetic test results to take action.

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There has never been a better time to take control of your health.

Navigenics has reduced the cost of our comprehensive genetic testing services to $999.

Our Health Compass test identifies your genetic predisposition for a wide variety of common conditions such as colon cancer, breast cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes, among others.

Not only do you get results, you get a plan of action and guidance to take the next steps.  Our board-certified Genetic Counselors are available to help you understand your results and how you can work with your doctor to minimize your individual risks.

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It was late Friday night – the email arrived to let me know that my Navigenics genetic test results were ready. 

I thought for a second – am I ready?  But without another thought I logged in and there they were.

As I scanned the private report, I realized that there was a lot of information. I went from top to bottom, focusing on the conditions that were important to me – heart attack, Alzheimer’s, diabetes.

My quick read was “relief” – no surprises – the conditions that I was at higher than normal risk for were ones that occurred in my family.  My dad lived to age 87 and my mom to age 84; the conditions that I think I need to pay attention to were the same ones that they were afflicted with.

But I have the chance to do something about it.

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Of course we know that all human beings are related, but sometimes genetic analysis drives this point home even more strongly.  If you carry a rare variant in the Factor V Leiden gene – which has just been added to the Navigenics genetic testing service – you share a common ancestor with every single person who carries that variant.

Factor V (pronounced “factor five”) is a “founder mutation,” a genetic change that originated in one individual long ago and can now be found in that person’s descendants around the world.  This mutation is present in two to 15 percent of Caucasians, but is rare in genetically distinct non-Caucasian populations. 

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Navigenics has joined healthcare leaders across the country to support a new Declaration of Health Data Rights.

The statement aims to ensure patients’ ability to access and share their own personal health information.

The declaration, which appears on the website HealthDataRights.org, was drafted in response to the difficulties many patients have reported experiencing while attempting to obtain their personal medical records from hospitals, health plans and doctors.

It stipulates that we should have the right to access our own health information so that we can make the best medical decisions for ourselves.

The tenets are simple. The document declares that we the people:

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Navigenics has made some significant additions to our genetic testing services.

Five new health conditions have been included in our test panel, and we have added 53 SNPs for a dozen existing conditions, which enhances the predictive ability of our genetic tests. We have also made improvements to our Alzheimer’s disease test. 

With these changes, our Health Compass customers will receive the most up-to-date results.

Read on to learn more about the new conditions.

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The first consumer genetics conference gets underway in Boston today, bringing together leaders in the fields of genetic testing, health, genetics and law.

The Consumer Genetics Show was born out of the growing interest in personal genetic testing, and will address key issues in the field, including scientific advances, best practices, and how to navigate the healthcare system. Doctors will learn more about the genetic testing field and how they can help their patients decide which genetic test is best for them.

The Consumer Genetics Show has attracted a veritable who’s who of the personal genomics industry.

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To a lot of people, genetic testing still sounds like futuristic fiction. And that means people come to us with different misconceptions of what genetic testing is all about.

To help address some of those perceptions, we’ll start blogging from time to time about common myths that surround genetic testing and try to set the record straight.

Here’s one misconception our genetic counselors often hear:

Myth:  My DNA is my destiny, and I don’t want to know.

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At a time when most personal genetic testing companies do not even offer genetic counseling to their clients, Navigenics, I’m thrilled to report, is expanding our counseling program.

Genetic counseling from a qualified professional is a critical part of the genetic testing experience. Genetic counselors are healthcare professionals who are trained to help you understand what genetic information means for you and your family – and whether testing is appropriate for you. We work with you to put your results into context and discuss ways to integrate the information into your life. 

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What do scientists and rock stars have in common? On the surface, not a heck of a lot.

But on May 25, they’ll all be gracing the pages of GQ Magazine as part of a nationwide effort to recognize the achievements of some of today’s top scientific minds.

Among those featured in the “Rock Stars of Science” public service campaign is Dr. David Agus, who co-founded Navigenics with the overall goal of improving personal health. Dr. Agus is also a nationally recognized cancer researcher and physician with the University of Southern California.

Haven’t heard of him? That’s exactly the point of the Rock Stars of Science project.

Nearly three-fourths of Americans polled could not name a single living scientist in a 2006 survey commissioned by Research!America. A separate survey for Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry determined that Britney Spears is more influential than Stephen Hawking among most Americans.

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Heather Bonaguidi is making an effort to include more anti-oxidants and whole grains in her diet.

Rashaad Forehand is drinking less alcohol and cutting down on his ice cream intake.

These are the sorts of healthier choices we’re all told to make, and that many of us ignore. But Heather and Rashaad have extra motivation – they’ve learned about some of the personal health risks carried in their DNA.

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After little more than a week at Navigenics, I have had the chance to touch the power of genomic science.

For thousands of years, people have searched for ways to see their future, turning to shamans, palm readers, tarot cards and horoscopes. And the answers that they got were useful if they believed in how they got them, but to a “scientific” observer they were answers without proof.

In the past 20 years, genomic science has unlocked many of the “secrets” about us, and in the past few years, that science has allowed us to translate discoveries into practical guidance.

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Alzheimer’s disease, long a condition deeply feared because it seems so hopeless, is getting a new look from a brighter angle.

This week, HBO is airing a new documentary series, “The Alzheimer’s Project,” that includes two segments on promising new research. As the online introduction to the series says, “There is no cure – but there is hope.”

The Alzheimer’s Association, a partner in the HBO project, is leading a new push for advocacy, awareness, and a search for treatments.

And at Navigenics, we are helping our members learn about their genetic Alzheimer’s risks, so that they can be aware, informed, and involved on a personal level earlier.

Recently, ABC’s “Nightline” co-anchor Terry Moran became his own news story as he turned the cameras onto himself and got a Navigenics genetic test to learn whether he had a genetic predisposition for Alzheimer’s disease. He shared his concerns, his family history, his results, and his reactions with the millions of Americans who tuned in.

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Some people prefer shopping online, whether it’s a book, movie ticket or a genetic test that they’re seeking. Others would rather have more personal interaction and feel the most comfortable talking to a physician about anything even remotely related to their health.

With that in mind, Navigenics has made it much easier for consumers to find physicians who have been trained in integrating our genetic testing into their practice. We’ve just introduced a new “Find a physician” feature that enables customers to select from a growing list of physicians offering the Navigenics genetic testing services to patients.

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Genetic testing is a relatively new field, and not surprisingly, many consumers have questions about it. What are the benefits? What are the risks? And perhaps most importantly, is it right for me right now?

Dr. Eric J.Topol, director of the Scripps Translational Science Institute in San Diego, discusses these issues in a thoughtful new video blog called “Are Genome-Wide Scans Ready for Prime Time?”

Should people get a genetic test now to learn their genetic risk for many common health conditions? Should they wait until scientific research has yielded even more information about the genetic underpinnings of health before they proceed?

While naysayers have suggested that consumers should put off testing until all the pieces of our genetic puzzles are in place, “There’s no real answer to this debate,” Topol says in his video, which was posted on Medscape, a website for physicians.

Certainly, sound science will bring new advances to the field in the future. But that is no reason not to get a genetic test today.

“There is another view here, and that is by having this information that may be empowering to individuals – and that may be a good thing,” Topol says in the video.

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Here at Navigenics, some of the questions people ask us frequently relate to genetic testing and family health history. Doesn’t family history provide enough health information all on its own? How do genetic test results work with family history?

The short answer is that family history is important, but it can’t provide the whole story.

Many women who develop breast cancer, for example, have no family history of the disease. And someone who lost a grandfather and a father to heart attacks is not necessarily destined to have the same fate. Your genetic makeup is very individual in some important ways, making personal genetic information a valuable addition to family history.

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Genetic testing is a tool that can help you, and your family, take control of your health by making personalized, informed healthcare decisions. There are lots of different kinds of genetic tests: for rare conditions that only affect a small number of people, for ancestry and paternity, and now tests are available for common diseases like cancer and diabetes.

But as the number of companies offering genetic testing continues to grow, it can be confusing for many consumers to determine which service is the best, the most reliable, and the most appropriate for their needs. Not all genetic tests are created equal, and some genetic testing companies do not offer useful or even accurate services.

To help in the decision-making process, the National Society of Genetic Counselors has just released a list of questions consumers should ask when selecting a genetic testing service:

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Navigenics is pleased to announce the appointment of a new company leader. Here are some details, as described in a news release:

Navigenics, a leading personal genomics testing company, announced today that Jonathan “Jack” T. Lord, M.D., has been appointed by the Board of Directors to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of the firm.

Dr. Lord brings to Navigenics a history and passion for combining robust medical science with technological innovation to improve consumers’ health and access to quality care. Dr. Lord comes to Navigenics from Louisville, Kentucky-based Humana, Inc., where as Chief Innovation Officer he was responsible for designing new products and services to enable people to navigate the healthcare system and support their health needs.  Before Humana, Dr. Lord was president of Health Dialog in Boston, where he helped pioneer e-enabled health care. He has also served as chief operating officer of the American Hospital Association in Washington, D.C.  Previously, Dr. Lord was executive vice president of Anne Arundel Medical Center in Annapolis, MD, and executive vice president of Sun Health in Charlotte, NC.

“I am excited about the prospects of leading a company that will transform healthcare. Navigenics’ leadership in science, its exceptionally committed and leading edge investors, and strong management team make this the most exciting opportunity of my career,” said Dr. Lord.  “Passion for advancing personalized medicine defines Navigenics.  I am very honored to have the privilege to lead this company as we transform healthcare for the 21st century– an era of healthcare we hope will be marked by a focus on prediction and prevention.”

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What’s a secret to possibly preventing heart disease, diabetes or Alzheimer’s disease?

There are many effective strategies for reducing your risk, ranging from getting regular exercise and watching your diet to avoiding cigarettes and controlling your cholesterol.

But another measure has been emerging as a prevention powerhouse, one that is rarely discussed – and still frequently overlooked – by many health-conscious individuals.

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“This is not going to be your typical story about Alzheimer’s disease,” explained Nightline co-anchor Terry Moran. “…You get to come to my office and watch me spit in a tube.”

And so began Moran’s personal tale of his quest to discover whether Alzheimer’s disease might one day control his life, just as it had his mother’s not that many years ago.

By spitting into a special tube and shipping his saliva sample to Navigenics, Moran was able to experience first-hand one of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine – the ability to size up his genetic code and learn his personal genetic risk for a disease he has long abhorred.

“My moment of truth,” he told the cameras, as he prepared to get the results of his Navigenics genetic test. “I wanted to face my fears...”

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It’s always nice to be recognized. Being called one of the “Fabulous Four” Bay Area businesses by a leading business columnist? Even better.

San Jose Mercury News writer Chris O’Brien recently featured Navigenics in his write-up of Bay Area companies that are succeeding during this global economic downturn. His profile is a pleasant acknowledgement of all the hard work that has gone into creating the genetic testing service that is most recommended by physicians. 

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Just what is genetic testing and how can it help your health?

Tune into “The Doctors” show on television today and you’ll get answers.

The show’s “Secrets to Living Longer” episode – which will air at 4 p.m. on Fox in many media markets – features the Navigenics genetic testing services.

Learn how a simple saliva test can help you determine whether you are genetically predisposed to certain diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. The tests can enable you and your physician to come up with a personalized health plan to prevent the conditions, delay them or detect them early.

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Navigenics is pleased to announce the acquisition of a clinical testing facility for our genetic testing services. I’d like to share the details about this exciting opportunity, as described in a news release issued today:

Navigenics, a leading personal genomics testing company, announced today the acquisition of the Affymetrix Clinical Services Laboratory, a CLIA-certified testing facility that provides molecular genome scanning using the Affymetrix GeneChip® microarray platform. With the purchase of this testing facility, Navigenics can now offer fully integrated genome screening and analysis under one roof.

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With so many new genetic discoveries, technologies, and applications, the number of companies offering genetic testing has skyrocketed over the past few years.

As a genetics professional, it is incredibly exciting to me that the genetics field is becoming more accessible to more people.

But not all genetic tests are the same, and not all genetic testing companies offer accurate and useful services. How is a person to sort through all the options to make an informed decision?

Now, an independent lab testing group has made it easier to decide…

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Step away from the couch. Put down that remote control.

Engaging in even a modest amount of exercise (just 74 minutes per week!) has been associated with a significant improvement in quality of life among middle-aged women, a new study shows.

It’s not exactly a secret that exercise has a myriad of health benefits. But what scientists found in a six-month study may surprise you.

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Cancer deaths among African-Americans have been steadily declining in recent years, but are still much higher than they should be.

For most types of cancer, blacks continue to have the highest death rate – and shortest survival – of any racial or ethnic group in the United States, the American Cancer Society reported recently in a sweeping review of African-Americans and cancer.

All too often, when cancer is diagnosed in an African-American patient, the disease is more advanced and harder to beat, the scientists found.

The issue has more to do with social and economic disparities – and a lack of early screening – than any biological differences associated with race, the scientists concluded. Inequalities in wealth, education and health insurance are partly to blame.

But cancer also is not being detected early enough.

As a result, more than 63,000 African-Americans will die from cancer this year.

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Navigenics, a leading personal genomics testing company, announced today it has developed an innovative physician-focused online portal allowing doctors to access the genomic information of consenting patients. For patients choosing to receive a Navigenics service through their physician, this portal allows the physician to integrate patients’ genetic information into personalized health plans designed to help diagnose early or prevent a number of health conditions. Accessible through Navigenics’ website, the secure portal empowers physicians with a suite of tools including a single access point to all of their participating patients’ genomic information, along with learning tools and case studies for integrating genomic information into their clinical practice.

Navigenics also announced that it has expanded its portfolio of DNA testing services by offering a new service that provides a lower cost of entry into genetic health. Called Navigenics Annual Insight, the new service is available for $499 and mirrors many of the hallmarks of the company’s flagship product, Navigenics Health Compass, and provides information on an individual’s genetic predisposition for common preventable health conditions.

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When the federal government released its snapshot of diabetes cases in the U.S. last October, the picture wasn’t pretty.

The incidence of new cases among adults had nearly doubled in just one decade. And the bulk of the newly diagnosed patients had type 2 diabetes, the form of the condition linked to obesity, genetic factors, and a sedentary lifestyle.

By all accounts, the statistics are alarming. Experts anticipate that 29 percent of American women and 25 percent of men will develop the disease in their lifetime. The new data suggests the diabetes epidemic is continuing, full speed ahead – and is nowhere near a peak.

But it doesn’t have to be this way.

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It’s that time of year again. The time when we attempt to atone for an entire year of little exercise and lots of food – magnified during the holiday season – by going overboard with our New Year’s resolutions.

The desire or effort to lose weight is certainly not a bad thing. Obesity is a very serious health condition, often with genetic components, that afflicts an estimated 72 million Americans, putting them at risk for type 2 diabetes, heart attack and even some kinds of cancer.

Losing just 10 percent of your body weight can significantly lower your risk of developing these health-related complications.

But the way we go about slimming down is often short-sighted (not to mention ineffective), with far too many dieters feverishly working out at the gym only until the desire to shape up no longer grips them. An hour or two of exercise each day soon gives way to every other day, and then to not at all.

Not surprisingly, a majority of Americans who lose a substantial amount of weight go on to gain back at least half of it within two years.

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“It feels like a toothache in your leg,” says one woman.

“Creepy, crawly bugs,” says another.

“Almost like a really bad cramp,” adds a third.

They’re talking about restless legs syndrome, or RLS, a health condition which affects an estimated 8 million Americans – but manages to get very little attention or respect.

The New York Times, however, recently focused a spotlight on the rarely discussed condition, which has a strong genetic component. The Times prominently featured the stories of seven men and women who have been diagnosed with it on the Health section of its highly trafficked web site.

Among them: Dr. David Rye, a neurology professor at Emory University who has both studied the condition and suffered from it.

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From the way some people talk about alcohol, you might think it’s almost a cure-all, capable of preventing heart attacks and strokes while reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and macular degeneration.

Others, however, will tell you alcohol is bad for your body and brain, causing addiction, cirrhosis of the liver and abnormal heart rhythms while raising the risk of breast cancer.

So who is right? Well, both sides, actually.

A growing body of research suggests that, when consumed in moderation, alcohol can have many significant health benefits.

The evidence purporting that alcohol may be associated with a reduction in heart disease – or at least a reduction in deaths from heart disease – has garnered the most attention.

One recent study of former teetotalers found that those who took up drinking wine in middle age experienced a 38 percent reduction in heart attacks and stroke over four years.

“The findings suggest that, for carefully selected individuals, a ‘heart healthy diet’ may include limited alcohol consumption, even among individuals who have not included alcohol previously,” the study’s authors wrote.

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Are you going to be healthy in 2009? How you answer that question may actually influence how well you feel – and how long you live.

If you’re a “glass-is-half-full” kind of person, enjoying an optimistic outlook on life, you’re much more likely to have better physical and mental functioning than people who believe the glass is half empty, research suggests.

Regular exercise, a well-balanced diet and access to sound medical care are critical components of good health. But scientists also point to evidence of a mind-body connection, and say that, at the very least, being pessimistic doesn’t boost health.

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You’re unlikely to see a doctor prescribe a few Ben Stiller movies in lieu of a course of antibiotics. But there is some truth to the old adage “Laughter is the best medicine.”

Whether you prefer to chuckle, chortle, cackle or crack up, the end result is the same. Laughter relieves stress. It also boosts the immune system and reduces blood pressure. It may even help stave off heart disease and prevent a heart attack.

No joke.

In one intriguing study, University of Maryland Medical Center researchers determined that people with heart disease were 40 percent less likely to laugh compared with people without heart disease. Those with heart problems often failed to recognize humor and were less likely to use it themselves.

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I can’t say the same for egg nog, fruit cake, sugar plums or figgy pudding, but if you indulge a bit this holiday season on dark chocolate, take heart.

Consuming a modest amount of dark chocolate – about one small square of it two or three times a week – is actually good for you, new research indicates.

Scientists had already determined that moderate amounts of dark chocolate have a beneficial effect on blood pressure.

But a new Italian study of thousands of men and women found that it also appears to markedly reduce levels of C-reactive protein – a measure of inflammation in the body that has been tied to heart disease.

“It is enough to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease for one third in women and one fourth in men,” said lead researcher Dr. Romina di Giuseppe in a written statement. “It is undoubtedly a remarkable outcome.”

Eating just a little bit of the bittersweet chocolate significantly reduces the risk of heart disease, researchers found.

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Is an ounce of prevention really worth a pound of cure? Or how about an extra year of life?

Cardiovascular experts believe so, calculating that if everyone with a risk factor for heart attack or stroke – 78 percent of the American adult population! – got serious about prevention, it would boost the average life expectancy by 1.3 years.

Researchers determined that if everyone took “to heart” the known preventive strategies for cardiovascular problems and made positive lifestyle changes, the incidence of heart attacks would decrease by 63 percent, while stroke would drop by 31 percent.

That is no small benefit. But unfortunately, it requires no small feat.

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The health community was energized in recent years when research hinted that basic vitamins might ward off prostate cancer. Prevention in a bottle? What could be better than that?

Well, lots of things, actually.

As it turns out, recent studies are finding that dietary supplements such as vitamin E and selenium won’t stave off the common cancer. One study of 300,000 men even found those who took more than seven multivitamins a week were more likely to develop an aggressive prostate cancer – and had twice the risk of dying from the disease.

Other recent research echoes these findings. A much anticipated large-scale federal trial of selenium and vitamin E supplements found they do not prevent prostate cancer, and could potentially be harmful. Researchers noted that men over age 50 who were taking vitamin E were slightly more likely to develop prostate cancer. And those who took selenium had higher rates of type 2 diabetes.

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Many women equate ultrasound screening with pregnancy, having undergone the painless procedure on their growing abdomen to get a precious first look at baby. But don’t be surprised if your doctor soon orders an ultrasound for something entirely different – the health of your breasts.

The same tool that so precisely monitors and measures a growing fetus – without exposing mother or child to radiation – is also being employed in the detection of breast cancer. New research shows that ultrasound picks up small tumors that mammograms sometimes miss.

Although mammograms are still considered the gold standard for breast cancer screening, ultrasounds are increasingly being recommended as an adjunct in women at high risk for the disease, with good reason. In one recent study of ultrasound screening on 2,809 women, doctors found cancer in 12 breasts that mammography had failed to detect. 

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Navigenics is pleased to announce a new relationship with a national network of physicians who practice proactive, personalized medicine. Through the collaboration, the Navigenics genetic testing service will be made available to their patients, who number more than 100,000 nationwide. I’d like to share some of the information about this collaboration, as described in a news release issued today:

National Physician Group MDVIP Partners with Navigenics to Provide Personal Genetic Tests for Preventive Medicine Practice

Boca Raton, FL and Redwood Shores, CA – December 8 2008 – MDVIP, Inc., a leading national network of physicians dedicated to preventive and personalized healthcare, and Navigenics, Inc., a leading personal genomics testing company, today announced a first of its kind collaborative effort to integrate genomic-based preventive healthcare in physician offices. Through this initiative, Navigenics’ genomic testing service will be available to MDVIP affiliated physicians to help patients understand their genetic risk factors for disease and work with their doctors to develop individualized prevention plans.

Navigenics will provide MDVIP patients and their affiliated physicians with insight into their personal genetic predisposition for developing certain medical conditions where primary or secondary prevention could improve health outcomes. The Navigenics test will identify individuals’ genetic markers for developing such conditions as type 2 diabetes, cancer, heart attack, and celiac disease. Working with their personal MDVIP physician and Navigenics’ board-certified Genetic Counselors, individuals can chart and implement a personalized wellness course to help decrease their overall risk, delay disease onset or prevent it altogether.

“We have for many years been closely watching the field of genomic testing evolve into a tool that can enhance and inform the practice of preventive medicine,” said Edward Goldman, M.D., CEO of MDVIP. “We believe that Navigenics’ preventive genomics service has the potential to be an innovation that could significantly enhance patient care.”

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“All natural sweetener.”

“Zero calories.”

Artificial sweeteners have been billed as the perfect alternative to sugar – a way for weight-conscious adults to have their cake and eat it, too. Yet more and more, a modicum of restraint is certainly advised when reaching for those packets of aspartame or sucralose.

While it’s true that sugar alternatives are much sweeter than table sugar, requiring smaller amounts to achieve the same level of sweetness, they won’t necessarily help you lose weight and keep it off. Simply taking the sugar out of a slab of chocolate cake doesn’t miraculously transform it into a low-calorie, high-nutrient food. At the end of the day, it’s still a slab of chocolate cake, with calories from flour, shortening, eggs, and other ingredients like nuts. So if you eat too much of it, your body will be the worse off from the encounter, regardless of which sweetener is used.

In fact, a growing body of evidence suggests that, when compared with sugar, no-calorie sweeteners may actually make it harder for people to control their body weight.

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If you’ve been blessed with genes that help you look good in your jeans, lucky you.

But you haven’t escaped the need to exercise.

Sure, being able to eat all you want without getting fat might seem like a blessing. Unlimited ice cream, limited time on the treadmill – what could sound better?  But studies clearly have shown that weight is not the best measurement of health. And if you’re physically inactive you aren’t doing yourself any favors, no matter what size you are.

Case in point: Recent research found that about one in four slim people had two cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood sugar levels that are typically associated with obesity. Some of the obese people in the study, in fact, were in much better metabolic health than some who were considered to have “healthy” weights.

“We found that 23.5 percent of normal-weight adult Americans — or about 16.3 million people — are metabolically abnormal when it comes to heart-disease risk,” said Rachel Wildman, the study’s lead author, in a written statement.

I can’t say it enough: Skinny people need to exercise, too.

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Got rheumatoid arthritis? Get rid of your cigarettes. New research suggests that your aching joints will thank you for it.

For years, scientists have known that smoking increases a person’s risk for developing this inflammatory condition, which causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints.

Studies also indicated that tobacco smoke increases the severity of the disease in those who have it.

Now comes the first solid evidence that kicking the habit may actually help arthritis sufferers control their disease.

Rheumatoid arthritis patients who stop smoking “may see an improvement in the number of joints that hurt them every day and in how they feel overall,” said Dr. Mark C. Fisher, leader of the new study in a written statement. The results were presented recently at the Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting in San Francisco.

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I call it the “nickel and dime” approach to losing weight. 

As anyone who has ever looked under their couch cushions for loose coins knows, small change can add up. And when it comes to losing weight, small changes can also make a big difference. In fact slow and steady is the best way to sustain weight loss.

Thing is, many dieters unsuccessfully attempt a major makeover of their eating habits, giving up all pleasurable foods or starving themselves to reduce their calorie intake – and their waistline. Those strategies, however, are generally not ones people are able to stick with for a long time. So more often than not, the diet ends and the weight slowly (or not so slowly) comes back on, and the health benefits gained from weight loss slip away.

My “radical” suggestion is to consider something not at all radical: Making small, simple changes for life. Not only are they the easiest to attempt, they are also often the most successful.

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As we pointed out in our blog a few weeks back, the Scripps Translational Science Institute has launched an ambitious 20-year study on how people respond to genetic test results, using the Navigenics service as a basis for the research.

Upon learning they are at increased genetic risk for conditions such as obesity, diabetes or cancer, do people start to exercise more and eat a little less? Are they more conscientious about going to the doctor at the first sign of trouble? Do they ignore the information entirely, refusing to kick their pack-a-day habit?

Previous smaller studies have found that genetic information holds promising motivational potential. Now, the Scripps study’s principal investigator, Dr. Eric J. Topol, plans to follow 10,000 adults to find out more.

He already has one very important set of results in hand—his own.

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If you’ve been looking for excuses to skip exercise, a predisposition to atrial fibrillation shouldn’t be one of them.

For years, the prevailing wisdom has been that exercise – at least vigorous endurance training – increases a person’s risk of atrial fibrillation, an irregular heart beat linked to the formation of blood clots that can potentially cause a stroke.

By extension, many people feared the same might be true even for leisurely physical activity.

But new research has determined that being inactive may be just as bad. Scientists recently found that light to moderate exercise appears to actually prevent this health condition from occurring in older adults.

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There’s been much ado lately about bisphenol-A, a chemical used in the packaging of some foods and drinks – and found in the bodies of 93 percent of Americans.

While some scientists insist it is impossible to say that BPA is safe, others say there isn’t enough evidence yet to conclude that it’s unsafe.

Among the research studies raising eyebrows – and concerns that consumers may be better off avoiding the substance: a large study published in September, the first to link BPA to heart disease and type 2 diabetes in humans.

Researchers found that the 25 percent of the adult population with the highest BPA levels were more than twice as likely to have heart disease or diabetes as the 25 percent with the lowest BPA levels. High BPA levels were also linked to liver enzyme abnormalities.

“Our study has revealed, for the first time, an association between raised BPA loads and two common diseases in adults,” said David Melzer, one of the study’s authors, in a written statement. “At the moment we can’t be absolutely sure that BPA is the direct cause of the extra cases of heart disease and diabetes: if it is, some cases of these serious conditions could be prevented by reducing BPA exposure.”

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Soon, doctors will be able to learn about genetic testing – and get professional credits for their efforts.

In a major advancement for the burgeoning genetic testing industry, the American College of Preventive Medicine has announced it is creating a medical education program on the use of genomic tools in medicine.

Called “Genetic Risk, Screening and Intervention,” the course is aimed at improving physicians’ understanding of the use of genetic testing in disease prevention. Available in early 2009, the class will discuss the genetic risk factors for disease, as well as the current evidence about the ability of genetic tests to assess risk.

This is an exciting time for the field of medicine.

“We are beginning to see healthcare’s evolvement from a discipline focused primarily on treating existing diseases and conditions to one that gives equal credence to preventing those diseases in the first place,” said Michael Barry, executive director of the American College of Preventive Medicine.

“We are excited to be helping physicians on the frontline of care become more familiar with multiple risk assessment strategies and the evidence behind new technologies—including genomic applications—that can help patients better understand their risk for disease and take appropriate actions to mitigate that risk,” he said.

To that end, national experts in genomics, prevention and epidemiology are designing the course to explore many issues related to genetic testing and disease prevention, including:

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Hot flashes, a common and annoying rite of passage for many women entering menopause, may truly be something to sweat over.

Long seen as a nuisance, an unavoidable quality-of-life issue, hot flashes have been linked to insomnia, irritability and depressed mood, not to mention soaking bedsheets. But now there’s increasing evidence that hot flashes may have medical implications as well.

The habitual flushing and perspiration many women have come to dread may actually be a harbinger – a warning – of heart disease.

A series of studies has helped put some – but not all – of the pieces together on this puzzling physiological phenomenon.

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Sitting in my mailbox last week was a sign of the times.

No, it wasn’t a political brochure or a notice about homes for sale in my neighborhood. It was a scientific journal, tightly wrapped in plastic, attesting to the evolving importance of genetics in the delivery of medical care.

“Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics,” a journal of the American Heart Association, was launched this month to much fanfare, and has started arriving in the offices of physicians and the labs of researchers.

As the title suggests, the new publication will focus on the genetics of the cardiovascular system, exploring population genetics and biomarkers, pharmacogenetics, molecular genetics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and systems biology, among other pertinent topics.

In short, it delves into what those of us already firmly entrenched in the genetic testing industry have long known is the future of healthcare:  genomics and personalized medicine.

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Crohn’s disease isn’t something that usually comes up in cocktail party conversations.  It isn’t featured prominently in television shows or radio spots. Ask your average person what Crohn’s is, and they likely will be hard-pressed to give you the right answer.

But this chronic inflammatory bowel disease is featured on the Web site of the New York Times, putting a face – or faces, in this case – to this rarely discussed disorder. In this interactive feature, seven people ranging in age from 19 to 61 share their experiences with the condition that has been diagnosed in more than 300,000 Americans.

“It takes forever to get diagnosed with Crohn’s,” recounts Ryan Walsh Horowitz, 19, of Brooklyn. “They thought I was anemic. They thought I had leukemia – and a bunch of other things.”

That is not surprising, nor an isolated problem.

Crohn’s has long been overlooked or misdiagnosed in the general public. The most common symptoms are, well, common: diarrhea, constipation, gas, abdominal pain, bloating and loss of weight. So it’s easy to see why many other health conditions are often suspected first.

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Last month, a new study of a seemingly more user-friendly approach to colon cancer screening generated quite a buzz.

“Scans provide alternative to colonoscopies in spotting cancer,” read one headline. “Virtual colonoscopies ready for prime time” said another.

For anyone who could think of a thousand things they’d rather be doing than undergoing a traditional colonoscopy, it sounded like wonderful news. A federal study of CT colonography or “virtual colonoscopy” determined that the X-ray procedure was effective at detecting large cancers and precancerous growths in people with an average risk of colon cancer.

No general anesthesia? No need to take a day off from work? No problem! Those were no doubt the thoughts of many patients who are skittish about traditional colonoscopies – and the bowel preparation that accompanies them. Some experts expressed hopes that this vote of confidence in an alternative screening method which is less invasive and cumbersome would encourage more people to be checked for colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.

Now, I am all for appropriate colon screening. But as a practicing physician for more than 30 years, I have strong feelings against this procedure, and here’s why:

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As far as vitamins go, the popular belief has been that B – or B12, specifically – is for brain. Memory, cognition and brain size have all appeared to benefit from the dietary supplement.

A new study suggests, however, that vitamin B12 doesn’t slow cognitive decline in patients already diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Symptoms did not improve in 202 patients put on high doses of the vitamin.

But don’t throw away your bottle of B vitamins just yet.

While the new study raises questions about the vitamin’s ability to treat Alzheimer’s disease, there is still a growing body of evidence indicating that it may be useful in preventing it. A number of clinical trials have determined that sufficient levels of vitamin B12 may be needed to keep the brain from shrinking and mental cognition from declining. So, it is more important than ever to make sure you’re getting enough of this nutrient.

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If you’ve received your Navigenics genetic test results, it may be time for “the talk.”

Time to have a candid conversation with your physician about your DNA and what you can do to improve the future direction of your health.

This summer, I blogged about some of the barriers patients might face in sitting down with a physician to go over the results. Fear of discrimination and too-short appointments are foremost on some people’s list.

Yet your doctor can be your greatest ally in your quest to make informed decisions about your health.

And, as one of our satisfied customers relates, having that conversation can be one of the most important steps you can take along the path toward optimal wellness.

In Patrick’s case, it meant early detection and early treatment of a health condition that might otherwise have gone undetected for some time.

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You might expect to read the “Eight Secrets to Weight Loss!” in a popular women’s magazine. But in a top medical journal? And based on a long-term scientific study of thousands of people who lost weight and kept it off for more than a year?

Both a scientific journal and a health conference held earlier this year highlighted the key characteristics of successful weight loss in the National Weight Control Registry, an ongoing study of more than 5,000 successful dieters. Brown University researcher Suzanne Phelan, who is involved in the study, noted that the people who lost at least 30 pounds – and kept them off for more than a year – tended to share certain success strategies. Anyone with some unwanted pounds to shed, she said, would be wise to learn from the “successful losers” in the research project.

“There is a general perception that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss,” Phelan and a colleague wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. “However, research has shown that [roughly] 20 percent of overweight individuals are successful at long-term weight loss when defined as losing at least 10 percent of initial body weight and maintaining the loss for at least one” year.

So how do they do it?

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Today, Navigenics is pleased to announce our participation in a major study that will examine how people respond to personal genetic testing. Here are some details of this research endeavor, as described in a news release:

A consortium of health care, technology and research leaders have joined forces in a first-of-its-kind research study to assess the behavioral impact of personal genetic testing on people who choose to receive such screenings to identify their potential risk for developing certain diseases.

Sponsored by Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI), the study aims to find out if participating in personal genomic testing will improve health by motivating people to make positive lifestyle changes, such as exercising, eating healthy and quitting smoking, as well as decisions to seek further medical evaluation and preventive strategies.  The study will offer genetic scans to up to 10,000 employees, family members and friends of the nonprofit Scripps Health system in San Diego and will assess changes in participants’ behaviors over a 20-year period.

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Psoriasis is a dermatological condition that is more than skin deep.

This chronic skin disease, known for its silvery scales and itchy red patches, has been linked to a whole host of other health problems.

These include heart attack, type 2 diabetes, obesity and Crohn’s disease. Scientific evidence continues to mount that psoriasis is associated with other diseases, as well.

In some cases, the association is quite significant.

One study found that 20- to 30-year-olds with severe psoriasis had a 310 percent increased risk of having a heart attack compared with peers who didn’t have the skin disorder.

And the risks don’t stop there.

In a review this spring of recent research on the association between psoriasis and other ailments, the National Psoriasis Foundation warned that psoriasis patients are at heightened risk for many serious health conditions. The organization urged psoriasis patients to work with their physicians to come up with an appropriate prevention program, and to ensure they are continually monitored for the “potential onset of any health issues related to psoriasis.”

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“Feel the burn!” Jane Fonda used to exclaim to her aerobics disciples. “No pain, no gain.”

These were popular exercise mantras, embraced by many American fitness buffs. Yet these days, you won’t hear many health experts repeating them.

Exercise, obviously, is a good thing. But even if you aren’t a triathlete in training, you still have options.

Intense, painful exercise dragging on for hours at a time isn’t necessarily “better” than a more temperate approach.  In fact, engaging in just 30 minutes of moderate exercise per day has been associated with many significant health benefits, even when the 30 minutes are divided into several shorter workouts.

Given that many people are more likely to squeeze in exercise when it seems easier or less painful, “intermittent” exercise may be the best option for some folks.

What exactly is intermittent exercise?

Fitness experts have used the term somewhat loosely to describe several types of physical activity, namely interval workouts and short, separated bouts of exercise. The premise behind both is simple: Follow a brief period of exercise with a varying level or amount of rest.  And many researchers are beginning to sing its praises.

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Forget the fountain of youth. If you’re seeking longevity, put on your running shoes instead.

Regular, vigorous running has been found to lower mortality and reduce disability – giving a whole new meaning to the phrase “Run for your life.”

It has long been known that there are health benefits to jogging – and any other type of physical activity.

But a recent study out of the Stanford University School of Medicine determined that older runners who had been jogging for more than 20 years were half as likely as their non-running peers to die early deaths. They also had fewer disabilities and more active, healthy years in which to enjoy life.

“If you had to pick one thing to make people healthier as they age, it would be aerobic exercise,” said James Fries, the study’s lead author, in a written statement.

From the results, it isn’t hard to understand why.

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In one of the more famous public service announcements ever to hit American television, a man cracks open an egg, drops it into a hot frying pan and says “This is your brain on drugs. Any questions?” In another memorable segment, actress Rachael Leigh Cook smashes an egg – and the entire kitchen – with a skillet to illustrate what happens to the brain on heroin.

But what happens to the brain after many years of smoking? New research indicates the picture is no less disturbing. Smoking side effects go beyond the heart and the lungs; they go to the very core of your being—your mind.

In a study of more than 5,000 civil servants living in London, researchers determined that smoking is associated with an increased risk of poor memory. Smoking in middle age was linked not only to a significant memory deficit, but also to a decline in reasoning ability.

The concern, however, isn’t just that smokers might forget where they put their keys or glasses. The researchers noted that cognitive impairment is often a precursor to dementia.

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Going up?

If you regularly take the elevator instead of the stairs, your weight – and blood pressure and lipid levels– may be going up, too.

Sure, elevators and escalators may seem more convenient and time-efficient, especially when you’re cradling your laptop or a load of groceries in your hands. But health experts have long advised folks to make simple changes to sneak more exercise into their daily routine. And scientific research is beginning to suggest that there’s benefit in taking the stairs.

In fact, one British scientist who has studied the public’s use of stairs – or lack thereof—said the benefits might be far greater than you think.

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Are you at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease? It appears your nose may know.

In a growing body of research, an inability to identify common scents has been associated with the development of mild cognitive impairment – a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease. Older adults who have difficulty identifying odors such as lemon or cinnamon are more likely to have problems with thinking, learning and memory, according to one such study by Chicago researchers.

That may sound a bit far-fetched. But scientists know that protein deposits called tangles begin to appear in a region of the brain responsible for smell before symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease manifest themselves. An inability to identify some scents has been linked to other neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, and scientists are still attempting to understand why this is.

The findings are raising hopes that doctors may one day be able to administer a sort of “scratch ‘n sniff” test to gauge olfactory abilities as part of determining a person’s risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Here’s some news to sleep on. If you don’t snooze, you’ll lose – some health benefits, that is. And if you do snooze, you’ll lose – at least when it comes to weight.

Just what is all this sleep-talk about?

Scientific research continues to uncover evidence that sleep has many health benefits. It’s long been known that a proper night’s sleep can boost a person’s mood, but new studies indicate that it is good for the heart, brain, and waistline, too.

With Americans sleeping, on average, only about 6.5 hours per night (instead of the recommended eight), this might seem like a tough sell. But the good news is that power naps can help.

In one long-term study of more than 23,000 people, scientists found that midday napping, or siestas, reduced deaths from heart disease by about one-third. Even occasional nappers – those who napped fewer than three times per week – had a 12 percent reduction in coronary mortality.

The protective effect of naps was especially strong in working men, the researchers determined.

“Taking a nap could turn out to be an important weapon in the fight against coronary mortality,” Dimitrios Trichopoulos, the study’s lead author, told the Washington Post. “If you have an opportunity to take a nap, then, yes, do it. If you’re accustomed to taking a nap, then don’t give it up.”

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In an era when new DNA discoveries are announced daily, it often seems like the amount of genetic information we now have about ourselves is endless. Quantity, however, isn’t always the same thing as quality.

While genomic science continues to uncover fascinating details about our DNA, some of those findings are more useful than others. It may be interesting, for example, to learn whether you share a sprinter’s genetic propensity for speed. It’s important, however, to know whether you carry a high genetic risk for heart attack.

In our genetic health service, Navigenics analyzes only DNA relevant to your health.

To be added to our gene test panel, a health condition and the science behind it have to meet strict rules:

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You have heard of the elderly. But how about the “wellderly”? The moniker is now being used to describe healthy seniors over the age of 80 who have been fortunate enough to live long – without any chronic diseases or the assistance of long-term medication.

What’s their secret? Scientists would like to know, too. In southern California, a group of researchers has launched the “Wellderly Study” to analyze the genes of some 1,000 healthy octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians. The researchers hope that by exploring the DNA of this long-lived group, they will have a better understanding of the genetics behind longevity and lifelong health.

For the Wellderly project, Scripps scientists will compare the DNA from healthy seniors with DNA taken from seniors who died from common diseases such as cancer, heart attack and stroke before they made it to 80. This second group has been dubbed the “Illderly.”

Many of the wellderly, the scientists note in the journal Nature, do have genes that should have made them susceptible to diseases – yet they’ve still managed to stay healthy.

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As a physician with many years in private practice, I’ve always valued tools that helped me care for my patients on an ongoing basis. Everyone’s health is prone to vary over time, so there is definite benefit to new science that highlights change.

That’s why a key aspect of the Navigenics genetic health service – ongoing updates – is so important. When Navigenics analyzes a person’s DNA, the findings don’t stop with that first genetic report. As new genetic research findings pass our rigorous scientific scrutiny, we bring our members additional information about their current conditions and new ones.

This process means that our members’ DNA results stay current with the latest and best genetic science.

This week, we’ve started providing our members their personal genetic insights into two additional conditions:

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With high gas prices already pinching you in the pocketbook, you might be cringing a bit when you see the cost of organic foods these days. A gallon of organic milk: $6.99. Small container of organic blueberries: $4.99. A single sweet potato: $1.69.

What price health?

But don’t let the dollar amounts deter you. When you eat organic foods, especially fruits and vegetables, you aren’t just doing a good turn for the environment. You are doing your body good, and possibly lowering your risk for health problems in the future, including conditions covered in the Navigenics genetic health service.

Many consumers have long wondered whether organics live up to their hype. More nutritious? Better for the waistline? Less toxic? I’ve looked at the science, and the answers are a resounding yes, yes and yes.

Here’s why.

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The Navigenics genetic testing service can be experienced one of two ways – through test results you order yourself, or through a test ordered for you by your doctor. While that second option clearly means more physician involvement from the start, it doesn’t change the need for your participation in the genetic process.

Your DNA is still just that—your DNA. To understand it thoroughly, your physician needs your input.

Even if your physician ordered your Navigenics Health Compass report for you and plans to explain your results, the very personal nature of DNA analysis means there are important steps you should take before your doctor’s visit. Your discussion with your physician will be more productive if you gather some personal information before your results review.

This preparation is somewhat different from the physician-related steps we recently recommended for Navigenics members who’ve ordered their own Health Compass reports.

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It might sound a bit absurd, totally contrary to everything you’ve ever been taught about proper nutrition. But, fruit may be a bad apple, at least in relatively large amounts.

Heresy, you say? Hardly.

The key word here is excess. Nutritional guidelines state that we all need several servings of fresh produce each day. But as with anything in life, there really can be too much of a good thing.

And in this case, the good or bad thing (depending on how you want to look at it) is fructose, the natural sugar that makes fruit sweet. Increasingly, scientific evidence shows that too much of it, whether consumed in large amounts of fruit or added to foods as a sweetener, can make us fat.

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This week, we’re pleased to share an important piece of news about the work we do in our home state. After working closely with California regulators to satisfy all of their questions about our genetic health service, Navigenics has received a state license signifying our full compliance with the state’s laboratory requirements.

When news first appeared of the state’s inquiries earlier this summer, some observers wondered if our discussions with the state might prove challenging, requiring changes in the ways we offer our service or think about the health potential of DNA analyses. We didn’t focus on those concerns.

Meeting regulatory requirements has been a central part of Navigenics from the very beginning, and we have been intent on working closely with both state and federal regulators to address any issues. When questions arose in California, we were more than prepared to meet them. Along the way, state officials were incredibly responsive. They worked quickly to help us resolve the licensing issue.

This outcome in California is great news. But we also know that it is only the first step. Many important questions about the new field of personal genetics still need to be addressed at a national level.

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An apple a day isn’t enough anymore. Now you also need to think fish or flaxseed in your diet to help keep the doctor away. That is why Navigenics has new recommendations to encourage our members to be sure they get enough omega-3 fatty acids in their diet.

Omega-3 fatty acids aren’t snake oil, promising to cure all ills; rather, they are oils from fish or certain nuts and plants, and researchers have found strong evidence that they have many potential health benefits.

These polyunsaturated fatty acids are found primarily in fish and fish oils, but also in some plant-based oils, such as canola oil or flaxseed oil, and certain leafy green vegetables, including spinach, kale, broccoli and seaweed.  They are essential to human health, but cannot be made by the body. That is why it is so important for people to make sure they get sufficient amounts of them through diet or supplements—and to know how much they need.

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Sometimes, knowing what your DNA says about your health isn’t enough – you’d like your doctor to be in the loop as well. But in the busy world of modern medicine, that kind of information sharing may not be as easy as it sounds.

Some physicians, for example, have so many medical advances to keep track of that they may not be accustomed to interpreting new types of genetic results. You and your doctor also usually don’t have as much time to talk as either of you would like. Did you know that the average medical appointment is only about seven minutes these days? That leaves little time to fit in a conversation about personal genetics results. And many people have concerns about whether they want their genetic information entered into their formal medical records.

f you’d like to talk with your physician about your genetic information, here are a few suggestions to help make that conversation more productive:

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For anyone needing to lose weight (and who doesn’t these days?) comes welcome new research showing there is life – and weight loss—beyond the low-fat diet.

The popular Mediterranean diet is a safe and effective alternative to the low-fat plan often recommended by physicians, Israeli researchers determined in a two-year-long study published in July in the New England Journal of Medicine.

While people who stick with almost any diet lose weight, those on the Mediterranean diet lost a significant amount – almost 10 pounds, compared to about six pounds for those on a low-fat diet. And the Mediterranean diet, in particular, was praised by the scientists because it is high in fruits, vegetables and fiber, all of which are beneficial for health.  Previous research has shown it is good for the heart, and may even reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

What is a Mediterranean diet?

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Last month, I blogged about a concept getting more attention in weight and health – the size of your waist may be even more important than the number on the scale.  Now, two recent developments further highlight that point. 

In that last post, I talked about a powerful study from the Mayo Clinic on a phenomenon called “normal-weight obesity.” That research indicated that more than half of American adults not considered overweight by regular standards such as Body Mass Index actually had high body-fat percentages, especially in their midsection. Those with wider waists also had higher rates of heart and metabolic risk factors.

Recent news illustrates that more findings support that idea. After looking at the health records of more than 20,000 people, researchers at Ohio State University spotted similar problems.

People included in the study who were not considered formally overweight but had a “marginally increased” waist circumference were much more likely to have high blood pressure than those with slim midsections. The scientists determined that adults with “normal” weights but a wide waist have an increased risk of cardiovascular problems. 

In other words, Americans need to get a handle on their love handles.

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Common genetic variants and the role they play in breast cancer have been popular topics in scientific journals lately.  I recently mentioned a new study in the New England Journal of Medicine that found women with 14 of the genetic markers associated with breast cancer had 6.3 times the risk of breast cancer as women with none of the markers.  “A few susceptibility alleles may distinguish women who are at high risk for breast cancer from those who are at low risk,” the study determined.

Now comes more research that supports the notion that analyzing a woman’s genes can be a useful weapon to add to the arsenal physicians and patients have in the battle against breast cancer.

Scientists had already established that there are several environmental links to breast cancer, including a woman’s age at first period, her family history and current age. Recently, researchers have had the tools to start identifying the other pieces of the puzzle – genetic risk factors. 

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In this era of fast-moving genome research, it seems that new genes are discovered every month for common diseases like Crohn’s disease, prostate cancer, or type 2 diabetes. However, Alzheimer’s disease has stubbornly resisted giving up any more secrets to researchers – until now.

For 15 years, only one gene, APOE, has been unambiguously associated with Alzheimer’s disease, yet scientists knew that the risk variant of APOE explained only a small amount of the genetic risk for Alzheimer’s.  Now, a new study by an international team of researchers has revealed a mutation, in a newly discovered gene, that can double the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

The researchers cracked this piece of Alzheimer’s code by turning to bioinformatics. They used the power of sophisticated math and computing to screen for genes that are expressed in certain regions of the brain and found on chromosome regions that had previously been suspected in Alzheimer’s.

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Medical experts have long been aware that vitamin D has its benefits.  Known to prevent rickets and osteoporosis, it is added to the bulk of the U.S. milk supply to help the public maintain healthy bones.

An abundance of new research suggests that the valuable vitamin is much more important than once thought – and that many of us are not getting enough of it.

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Among the recent swath of studies associating common genetic variants with common diseases, Crohn’s disease has fared especially well. A team of international researchers has discovered 21 additional variants that not only increase Crohn’s risk, but expand understanding of how the disease works.

That amount of additional knowledge would be great news for any health condition, but it is especially welcome in Crohn’s disease. Scientists still have a lot to learn about how this inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder does its damage, and the condition is difficult to diagnose and treat.

Knowing your risk ahead of time can help speed a correct diagnosis if you develop Crohn’s symptoms. And better insights may lead to better treatments.

Understanding the importance of these new genetic findings starts with a quick look at the research to date.

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When people interested in Navigenics hear that genetic counseling is a core part of our service, they usually have two things to say. The first is “Great!” The second is “What do you do, exactly?”

Here is a look at who we are, and how we can help you make the most of your genetic insights.

Genetic Counselors are highly trained health professionals with specific expertise in medical genetics and counseling, but many people have never had access to us. That separation reflects the traditional role of genetic information in health care. For a long time, genetics focused mostly on either rare diseases or pregnancy. As a result, you might have been referred to a Genetic Counselor only if a rare condition ran in your family, or if you were considering a genetic test as part of having a baby.

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I recently had the opportunity to hear the CEO of the American Cancer Society, John Seffrin, Ph.D, speak at the Aspen Ideas Festival. In listening to Dr. Seffrin, I heard him convey many of the same beliefs that we have here at Navigenics – primarily the benefits of early diagnosis and prevention.

There were two key data points which Dr. Seffrin mentioned: (1) many cancers are “curable” if found in Stage 1, and (2) that nearly 60-70% of all cancers are preventable. He also noted that prevention, through behavior change and early detection, is our best known “cure” today.

This is exactly the idea behind what we are doing at Navigenics – by helping you identify your genetic risk for a disease, before you start showing symptoms, you can catch it early, treat it early, or perhaps prevent the disease from occurring altogether. 

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When the scientific debate over personal genetic services got a little heated in March, scientists at Navigenics decided to weigh in with our own perspective. Our response is now in print—and the conversation continues.

This particular debate started when prominent federal and international scientists published an article in the American Journal of Human Genetics, criticizing the personalized genetics industry. The study’s authors discussed a number of personal genomics companies, and mentioned Navigenics briefly. The bulk of the study, however, focused on the genetic associations used by seven other personalized genetics companies – a lineup that did not include Navigenics – and found weaknesses in their scientific underpinnings. The researchers further claimed that there isn’t enough scientific evidence to make genomic profiles useful in measuring common disease risk or developing steps for disease prevention.

Scientists at Navigenics read the study, and wanted to set the record straight. 

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If you’re a woman in your 20s or 30s, you probably haven’t had a mammogram. The people who calculate the need for medical tests figure it’s not worth it to screen most women at such a relatively young age.

But if you already knew, from your genes, that you were at elevated risk for breast cancer, you might feel differently. Now, some researchers feel differently about it too.

Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that women with 14 of the genetic markers associated with increased risk of breast cancer had about six times the risk of breast cancer as women with none of the markers. They recently reported their findings in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Their research could mean a big change in the timing of cancer screening for some women, as well as the ways doctors detect early signs of the disease.

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DNA took to the prime-time airwaves last week, when the acclaimed PBS program NOVA scienceNOW looked at the topic of personal genetic services. Navigenics was featured prominently in the segment. Dietrich Stephan,our co-founder and Chief Science Officer, sat down with host Neil deGrasse Tyson to explain how the process works. After Tyson chose to explore his own DNA using the Navigenics service, Elissa Levin, our Director of Genetic Counseling, helped Tyson understand his results.

The segment offers a balanced look at genetic services, addressing some of the broader critiques about genetic testing head-on. We are honored that a scientist such as deGrasse Tyson, a prominent astrophysicist, weighed those concerns and still saw the value of revealing his own DNA insights.

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